Glossary :: L

Lahar

A mudflow associated with volcanic eruptions when volcanic ash mixes with water.

Limestone

A rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate CaCO3. Limestones comprise a large variety of rocks including carbonate muds and oozes, chalks, ooliths and bioclastic limestone. They form in a variety of environments from deep sea (but above the carbonate com...More

Limestone pavement

A formation found in areas of karstic topography where limestone has dissolved into pavement-like blocks. The dissolution occurs along joints forming grikes. This leaves blocks called clints. Picture courtesy of Benauld See also: here here here...More

Limestone Paving

See Limestone pavement.

Lithification.

The process of turning loose sediment into a sedimentary rock. This is done by heat, pressure and time. This process can take from years to millions of years. Hardgrounds are formed in inter-tidal carbonates and can form in years. Usually this process is ...More

Lithosphere

The outer, rigid shell of the earth. It is composed of the entire crust and uppermost part of the mantle. The thickness of the lithosphere varies from around 5km to up to 100km where there is thick continental crust. The lithosphere is above the more duct...More

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