Palaeobiology

Hybrid Zone

A region in which genetically distinct populations come into contact and produce offspring off mixed ancestry. This process is known as hybridisation.

 

Hybridisation

See hybrid zone and hybrid. If new species are formed by hybridisation the hybrids must have higher fitness than the parental forms, they can achieve this by occupying new niches.

Inbreeding Coefficient (F)

The probability that an individual taken at random from the population will be autozygous.

Inbreeding Depression

Reduction, in inbred individuals, of the mean value of a character (usually one correlated with fitness).

Isolating Mechanism

A genetic difference between populations that prevents or restricts gene flow between them. See reproductive isolation.

 

Morphospecies Concept

Species are defined on the basis of consistent morphological differences. See also biological species concept and phylogenetic species concept.

Mould

An imprint of a fossil. See also cast.

Natural Selection

Differential reproductive success. Produces descent with modification, i.e. evolution.

Neutral theory of molecular evolution

Predicts that alleles are fixed at a constant rate for a given gene over long periods and that most molecular variation is selectively neutral.

Nomenclature

The method of naming species of animals and plants scientifically.