A clastic rock composed of sand-sized grains, i.e. between 0.625 and 2mm. The term usually implies a quartz rich composition, although this is not strictly necessary.

Found in sedimentary rocks, a sole structure or sole mark is a cast found on the base of the rock unit. They are often well developed when a coarse grained rock overlies a fine grained rock. Sole structures can be formed by sticks or stones being carried by a current or by pebbles allowing a vortex to erode the underlying rock in places, forming a depression.

Crystalline carbonate. Also known as sparry calcite.

The study of layered sedimentary or metamorphic rocks and how they related to each other, particularly their ages.

A deposit formed by a turbidity current. Turbidity currents are turbid, sub-aqueous, density flows driven by gravity. They can form on slopes of less than 1 degree and can flow uphill as they can travel at 10km/s. They form when a unstable build-up of sediment is triggered to collapse due to a storm, earthquake or other triggering event.

A break in the stratigraphic record which represents a period of no sediment deposition. The interval of geologic time not represented is called a hiatus.

There are three types of unconformities: disconformity, nonconformity, and angular unconformity.

The process of disintegrating rocks in the near surface by chemical or physical means.